Shopify, a leading e-commerce platform, has empowered countless entrepreneurs and established businesses to create, manage, and scale online stores with remarkable ease and efficiency. As of today, Shopify supports over one million businesses across a wide range of industries, from fledgling startups to large-scale enterprises. The versatility and user-friendly nature of the platform have made it a favorite among online retailers worldwide.
In this article, we explore over fifty of the most successful Shopify stores, ranked according to their popularity, traffic, revenue, and overall success. This ranking aims to shed light on the diverse strategies and unique propositions that make these stores stand out. After understanding their paths to success, other Shopify businesses can gain insights and inspiration to enhance their operations and competitive edge.
Ranking Methodology
The ranking of the best Shopify stores in this article was determined through a meticulous analysis of several key performance indicators. Sources for this data include analytics tools, Shopify's metrics, industry reports, and expert reviews. The primary factors considered in our ranking methodology are:
- Popularity: Measured by social media presence, customer reviews, and brand recognition.
- Traffic: Evaluated based on the number of monthly visitors to the store's website.
- Revenue: Estimated from available sales data and financial disclosures.
- Overall Success: A holistic view that considers market influence, innovation, and customer engagement.
This comprehensive approach ensures a balanced ranking that not only highlights Shopify businesses with high sales volumes but also those that are leading trends and setting standards in the e-commerce domain.
Best Shopify Stores: 5 Top Picks
1. Gymshark: From a Garage to a Global Empire
Gymshark is a prime example of how a Shopify store can evolve from humble beginnings into a global phenomenon. Founded by Ben Francis and a group of his high school friends, Gymshark started in a garage with a sewing machine and a screen-printer. The brand's growth can be attributed to its strong commitment to community engagement and influencer marketing strategies.
Gymshark leveraged fitness influencers on social media long before it was a norm, creating authentic connections with fitness enthusiasts worldwide. Their products are not only functional and comfortable but are also seen as a lifestyle statement by their customers. This approach has helped Gymshark build a dedicated following, making it one of the most recognizable fitness apparel brands globally.
2. ColourPop Cosmetics: Innovating at the Speed of Social Media
ColourPop Cosmetics, launched in 2014, has revolutionized the beauty industry with its high-quality yet affordable products. What sets ColourPop apart is its ability to launch trend-setting products at an incredibly fast pace, aligning closely with the immediate and ever-changing demands of the beauty market driven by social media trends.
The brand’s direct-to-consumer model allows for rapid product development cycles, unlike traditional beauty brands that typically have longer lead times. ColourPop’s strategy of leveraging social media for marketing and customer feedback gathering has enabled them to produce precisely what consumers are asking for, at the right time, making them a beloved brand among beauty enthusiasts.
3. Allbirds: Pioneering Sustainability in Footwear
Allbirds has carved out a significant niche in the highly competitive footwear industry by focusing on sustainability without compromising on design or comfort. The company uses natural materials such as merino wool, eucalyptus tree fiber, and sugarcane to produce shoes that are not only environmentally friendly but also practical and stylish. Allbirds' commitment to carbon neutrality and its transparent sustainability practices resonate strongly with a growing segment of consumers who are increasingly conscious of the environmental impact of their purchases. Their approach has set new standards in the footwear industry, showing that eco-friendly products can be successful on a large scale.
4. Jeffree Star Cosmetics: Mastering the Art of Personal Branding
Jeffree Star Cosmetics was launched by YouTube and social media personality Jeffree Star. The brand's success is heavily tied to Star’s brand, which is bold, colorful, and controversial. Leveraging his massive social media following, Jeffree Star has built a cosmetics empire that is renowned for its vibrant, high-quality makeup products.
The brand's marketing strategy involves extensive use of social media, particularly YouTube, where Jeffree reviews products, showcases tutorials, and gives fans a behind-the-scenes look at the development of new products. This transparency and personal touch have helped cultivate a dedicated fan base that feels a strong connection to the brand.
5. Fashion Nova: Redefining Fast Fashion Through Social Media
Fashion Nova has been a disruptor in the fast fashion industry, primarily through its mastery of social media marketing and its strategy of leveraging celebrity endorsements and collaborations. The brand famously makes fashion accessible by quickly turning trends seen by celebrities and influencers into ready-to-purchase designs at affordable prices.
Fashion Nova's use of Instagram and other social media platforms to engage directly with consumers and showcase their vast array of styles has created an interactive shopping experience that resonates with a broad audience. Their ability to deliver new designs at breakneck speeds ensures that consumers are always able to buy the latest trends at any moment, setting the brand apart in a crowded market.
Top 40+ Shopify Stores
6. Kylie Cosmetics
Kylie Jenner's beauty brand, Kylie Cosmetics, has revolutionized the beauty industry with its direct-to-consumer model. The brand's strategic use of exclusive launches and social media-driven marketing strategies has not only driven significant traffic but also created a frenzied demand for its products. By leveraging Kylie Jenner's massive following and a keen understanding of digital marketing trends, Kylie Cosmetics has established itself as a major player in the cosmetic industry.
7. Ruggable
Ruggable has introduced an innovative concept of washable rugs to the home decor market, transforming how people think about and maintain their living spaces.
Its unique value proposition, focused on convenience and hygiene, has resonated well with the modern consumer, propelling its popularity and sales. This practical approach to home furnishings offers customers a blend of style and functionality that suits dynamic, contemporary lifestyles.
8. Bulletproof
Bulletproof is known for its coffee and health products aimed at enhancing physical and cognitive performance. The brand's commitment to quality ingredients and transparent production practices has earned it a dedicated following among health-conscious consumers. Bulletproof's approach to wellness, which integrates dietary supplements with daily consumables, creates a holistic health brand that people trust.
9. MVMT Watches
MVMT Watches has disrupted the traditional watch market by offering stylish, minimalist designs at affordable prices. Its success lies in its effective use of social media and influencer marketing to reach a broad audience, capitalizing on the appeal of accessible luxury. By consistently engaging with its community and responding to fashion trends, MVMT has become a go-to brand for fashion-forward timepieces.
10. Pura Vida Bracelets
Pura Vida Bracelets combines fashion with a cause, offering handcrafted bracelets from Costa Rica. Its mission-driven approach, supporting local artisans and charitable causes, has endeared it to consumers, particularly millennials who value authenticity and social responsibility in their purchases. The brand's vibrant designs and ethical business model have helped it cultivate a strong, loyal customer base.
11. LSKD
This Australian lifestyle and apparel brand is known for its high-quality, functional sportswear that appeals to both athletes and casual wearers. LSKD's commitment to community and lifestyle-oriented marketing has helped it build a strong brand presence and loyal customer base. Their focus on inspiring an active lifestyle and their engagement in community events have bolstered their brand as a leader in the sports apparel industry.
12. Partake Foods
Specializing in allergen-free snacks, Partake Foods has tapped into a niche but growing market of health-conscious consumers with dietary restrictions. The brand's focus on safety, inclusivity, and quality has been central to its success, making it a trusted name for families and individuals seeking safe, tasty snack options. By addressing the needs of this specific customer group, Partake Foods has created a strong market presence.
13. The Ridge Wallet
The Ridge offers minimalist, RFID-blocking wallets designed for efficiency and security. Its products appeal to the tech-savvy consumer looking for an alternative to traditional bulky wallets. The sleek design, combined with practical functionality, makes The Ridge a popular choice for consumers prioritizing both style and security.
14. Brooklinen
Known for its luxury bedding at accessible prices, Brooklinen has changed how people shop for home textiles. Its direct-to-consumer model cuts out the middleman, allowing for high-quality products without the luxury markup, thus democratizing luxury bedding. By focusing on quality, customer service, and transparent pricing, Brooklinen has developed a loyal customer base.
15. Meowingtons
Catering to cat enthusiasts, Meowingtons offers everything from apparel to cat toys, creating a niche market in the pet supply industry. The store’s quirky, community-driven approach to branding and its focus on unique, often humorous products make it a standout. Meowingtons not only sells products but also fosters a community for cat lovers, enhancing customer loyalty and brand affection.
16. Beardbrand
Beardbrand has carved a niche in men’s grooming by focusing on beard care products. Its emphasis on lifestyle branding and community-building content has helped establish a strong market presence. Through educational resources and a commitment to high-quality ingredients, Beardbrand has cultivated a dedicated following, setting the standard in men’s grooming.
17. Cupshe
Cupshe is a swimwear brand that combines affordable prices with trendy designs, appealing to fashion-conscious consumers looking for style without compromise. Its success is driven by its adept use of social media marketing and influencer partnerships, which showcase its vibrant, stylish products. Cupshe's ability to quickly adapt to fashion trends and its customer-centric approach has fueled its growth in the competitive swimwear market.
18. Sarah Flint
Sarah Flint offers luxury footwear with an emphasis on craftsmanship and comfort. The brand’s direct-to-consumer approach ensures quality and value, appealing to consumers looking for high-end, comfortable shoes. By integrating traditional shoemaking techniques with modern styles, Sarah Flint has carved out a niche in luxury footwear that prioritizes both aesthetics and functionality.
19. Chubbies
Chubbies has become synonymous with fun, casual men’s shorts, known for their vibrant patterns and comfortable fit. Its marketing campaigns, often humorous and unconventional, resonate well with its target audience, encouraging engagement and loyalty. Chubbies' approach to casual wear, which focuses on lifestyle rather than just apparel, has helped build a strong community around the brand.
20. Kith
Kith operates at the intersection of streetwear and luxury fashion, known for its exclusive releases and high-profile collaborations. Its collaborations with high-profile brands and celebrities have made it a cult favorite among fashion enthusiasts. Kith has mastered the art of release hype, combining it with high-quality, innovative designs to maintain excitement and exclusivity around its products.
21. Leesa Sleep
Leesa is an innovative mattress company that prioritizes social impact along with comfort. For every ten mattresses sold, it donates one to charitable organizations, which resonates with socially conscious consumers. This commitment to "good sleep for good causes" has not only defined their brand but has also engaged customers beyond the traditional buying experience.
22. BestSelf Co.
BestSelf Co. offers productivity tools that help people achieve their personal and professional goals. Its success stems from creating high-quality, thoughtfully designed products that genuinely add value to its customers' lives. BestSelf Co.'s commitment to enhancing productivity through innovative tools has made it a leader in the niche market of personal development products.
23. Death Wish Coffee
Touted as the world's strongest coffee, Death Wish Coffee has built a brand around high caffeine content and bold flavor. Its aggressive and playful marketing tactics have helped it cultivate a strong following among coffee enthusiasts looking for an extra kick. Death Wish Coffee's commitment to using organic, fair-trade coffee beans adds to its appeal as a premium, potent coffee brand.
24. So Young
This brand offers stylish thermal lunch bags that cater to both children and adults. So Young’s emphasis on design and sustainability appeals to eco-conscious consumers looking for functional and attractive products. By combining chic designs with eco-friendly materials, So Young has successfully tapped into a market niche that values both style and substance.
25. Outer
Outer creates eco-friendly outdoor furniture that combines comfort and durability. Its unique customer-engagement strategy, allowing potential buyers to see products in nearby customers' gardens, offers a novel way to experience before purchasing. This innovative approach not only enhances customer confidence in their purchase but also fosters a sense of community among users, boosting brand loyalty and satisfaction.
26. Tattly
Tattly brings a creative twist to temporary tattoos, collaborating with professional artists to create designs that appeal to both children and adults. Their products are known for their artistic quality and non-toxic ingredients, making them safe and fun. Tattly has revolutionized the temporary tattoo market by combining art with a playful sense of fashion.
27. Package Free Shop
Founded on the principles of zero waste, Package Free Shop offers products that help consumers eliminate disposable items from their daily lives. From reusable containers to biodegradable everyday items, this store appeals to environmentally conscious consumers looking to reduce their ecological footprint. Their commitment to sustainability has made them a leader in the eco-friendly market.
28. Spinnaker Watches
Spinnaker Watches are inspired by the rich heritage of maritime adventure, offering timepieces that blend functionality with rugged style. Each watch is designed to reflect the strength and spirit of the sea, appealing to maritime enthusiasts and watch collectors alike. Their use of durable materials and attention to detail has earned them a loyal following.
29. Goodfair
Goodfair has reimagined thrift shopping by creating a unique online model where customers receive pre-loved clothing bundles. This approach not only promotes sustainable fashion but also adds an element of surprise to shopping, making each purchase a discovery. Goodfair's commitment to reducing textile waste has resonated well with eco-conscious shoppers.
30. Skinnydip London
Skinnydip London stands out for its vibrant and quirky accessories, targeting the fashion-forward younger demographic. Known for their playful designs in phone cases, clothing, and lifestyle products, they frequently collaborate with artists and pop culture icons. Skinnydip has mastered the art of turning everyday items into must-have fashion statements.
31. United by Blue
For every product sold, United by Blue removes one pound of trash from oceans and waterways, integrating product sales with environmental activism. Their range includes apparel and accessories made from sustainable materials, appealing to consumers who prioritize eco-friendliness. This commitment has not only defined their brand but also built a strong, purpose-driven community.
32. Happiness Abscissa
Happiness Abscissa is dedicated to enhancing emotional well-being through sensory experiences. Their products, like scented candles and perfumes, are designed based on psychological research to promote happiness. By focusing on the science of scent and emotion, Happiness Abscissa offers a unique value proposition in the wellness market.
33. Frank Body
Frank Body has gained popularity with its coffee-based skincare products, especially its signature body scrubs. The brand utilizes natural, nourishing ingredients that promise effective results, appealing to health-conscious beauty enthusiasts. Their cheeky marketing and commitment to cruelty-free practices have helped them cultivate a devoted customer base.
34. Tentree
Tentree is an environmentally progressive brand that sells apparel and accessories, and is known for its commitment to sustainability. For every item purchased, the company plants ten trees, emphasizing its dedication to environmental impact. This unique selling proposition not only attracts eco-conscious consumers but also fosters a deeper connection by letting customers directly contribute to reforestation efforts.
Tentree's use of sustainable materials and transparent sourcing resonates with consumers who prioritize ethical production practices, making it a standout example of how commerce can drive positive environmental change.
35. Almond Surfboards
Almond Surfboards designs and produces surfboards and apparel that embody the surf culture lifestyle. They are committed to craftsmanship and sustainability, using materials that are friendly to our oceans. Almond Surfboards has built a reputation in the surfing community as a brand that cares deeply about product quality and environmental impact.
36. BioLite
BioLite is at the forefront of energy innovation, creating products that transform the way we cook, charge, and illuminate the world off-grid. Their stoves, lighting, and solar panels are designed for outdoor enthusiasts and emergency preparedness. BioLite's commitment to sustainable energy solutions is helping pave the way for a future of renewable energy consumption in outdoor adventures.
37. The Giving Keys
This unique jewelry brand employs people transitioning out of homelessness to create pieces that inspire positivity. Each item features words of encouragement, promoting a pay-it-forward ethos. The Giving Keys is a prime example of a business that combines commerce with social impact, offering customers a chance to contribute to meaningful change.
38. Pipcorn
Pipcorn redefines snacks like popcorn and cheese balls using heirloom corn, which is smaller, tastier, and easier to digest. Their commitment to non-GMO, gluten-free snacks meets the growing demand for healthier eating options. Pipcorn stands out in the crowded snack market with its focus on sustainability and innovative flavors.
39. Silly George
Known for its line of magnetic eyelashes and eyeliners, Silly George offers a reusable alternative to traditional false lashes. Their products aim to simplify the beauty routine while providing a dramatic, lasting look. Silly George has captured a niche market with its commitment to innovative, user-friendly beauty solutions.
40. Lola
Lola provides feminine hygiene products with a focus on transparency and health. Their subscription service ensures that women receive products that are both safe and perfectly timed for their needs. By prioritizing honest ingredients and customizable deliveries, Lola has redefined the standard for women's health products.
41. Who Gives A Crap
Who Gives A Crap sells environmentally friendly toilet paper, tissues, and paper towels, with 50% of their profits going to build toilets for those in need. Their humorous marketing and commitment to social causes have garnered a loyal customer base. This brand exemplifies how a simple household product can be transformed into a force for global change.
42. Soludos
Soludos crafts casual footwear inspired by the Mediterranean lifestyle, known for its comfort and stylish designs. Their espadrilles and other footwear options have become a staple for those seeking a blend of leisure and style. Soludos has effectively captured the essence of summer and relaxation in its product line.
43. Herbivore Botanicals
Herbivore Botanicals offers a range of all-natural, cruelty-free skincare products made from organic ingredients. The brand's commitment to purity and ethical production resonates with consumers who prioritize skin health and environmental sustainability. Herbivore's transparent approach to beauty care contributes to its strong market presence.
44. Soko Glam
As a leader in the Korean beauty market, Soko Glam curates a wide selection of skincare and beauty products. Their dedication to educating consumers on the benefits and methods of K-beauty has helped demystify and spread its popularity globally. Soko Glam stands out for its commitment to quality and customer education in beauty care.
45. Throne Watches
Throne Watches combines vintage aesthetics with modern craftsmanship, offering unique timepieces with handmade leather straps. This blend of old and new appeals to both watch aficionados and fashion-forward consumers. Throne Watches is known for its commitment to quality and a bespoke approach to watchmaking.
46. Boll & Branch
Boll & Branch specializes in luxury organic cotton bedding, emphasizing ethical production practices and superior comfort. Their products appeal to those seeking ethical luxury, providing comfort without compromise. Boll & Branch has set a new standard in the bedding industry with a focus on transparency and sustainability.
47. Orangewood Guitars
Orangewood Guitars offers affordable, high-quality acoustic guitars and ukuleles, which are particularly popular among beginner and intermediate musicians. Their approach to making music accessible and enjoyable has earned them accolades in the musical community. Orangewood stands out for its value and commitment to enriching the music experience.
48. The Sill
The Sill specializes in potted plants delivered directly to customers' doors, making it easy for urban dwellers to incorporate greenery into their homes. They also provide plant care support and workshops, enhancing the customer experience. The Sill has tapped into the growing trend of indoor gardening with a focus on sustainability and education.
49. Summersalt
Summersalt is known for its designer swimwear crafted from recycled materials, offering style without sacrificing sustainability. Their approach to eco-friendly fashion combined with body-positive marketing has made them a favorite among women seeking both comfort and conscience in their swimwear. Summersalt's commitment to ethical practices and innovative designs sets them apart in the fashion industry.
50. Love Your Melon
Love Your Melon began as a mission to put a hat on every child battling cancer in America. For every product sold, 50% of the profit is donated to fight pediatric cancer. This commitment to philanthropy has not only defined their brand but has also engaged a vast community of supporters who are drawn to their cause and quality products.
Trends Observed Among Top Shopify Sites
An analysis of common trends among the top Shopify stores reveals several key factors contributing to their success:
Rapid Innovation and Agile Product Development
One of the most prominent trends among the best Shopify stores is the ability to innovate rapidly and adapt product offerings based on real-time consumer feedback and market trends. Stores like ColourPop Cosmetics have excelled by shortening the product development cycle, allowing them to launch products that are immediately relevant to current consumer demands. This agility helps keep the brand relevant and competitive in fast-paced markets.
Sustainability has become more than just a buzzword; it's a business imperative, especially in the consumer goods sector. Brands like Allbirds and Ruggable are setting examples by integrating eco-friendly practices into every aspect of their business, from product materials to packaging. This commitment not only appeals to environmentally conscious consumers but also builds a brand's reputation for responsibility and ethical practices.
Leveraging Technology for Enhanced Customer Experiences
Top Shopify stores are increasingly utilizing advanced technologies to create unique and personalized shopping experiences. From AI-driven recommendations to augmented reality (AR) features that allow customers to visualize products in their space, technology is being used to engage customers in innovative ways. This trend is about enhancing the user experience and providing interactive and memorable shopping journeys.
Data-Driven Decision Making
Utilizing data analytics is crucial for understanding consumer behavior, optimizing marketing strategies, and personalizing the customer experience. The best Shopify stores harness the power of data to make informed decisions that drive growth and improve customer satisfaction. Tools integrated into Shopify allow for tracking and analyzing everything from traffic sources to customer interaction patterns, enabling brands to tailor their approaches based on solid data.
Community Building and Social Media Engagement
Creating a loyal community around a brand is another key trend observed among successful Shopify stores. Brands like Gymshark and Jeffree Star Cosmetics have thrived by fostering strong communities through consistent engagement on social media, creating content that resonates with their audience, and building relationships beyond mere transactions. This approach not only helps in retaining customers but also turns them into brand ambassadors.
Diverse and Inclusive Branding
Inclusivity in branding and product offerings is increasingly important to consumers. Brands that cater to a wide range of demographics, lifestyles, and body types, such as Fashion Nova and Soko Glam, are seeing success by embracing diversity. This inclusivity helps expand the customer base and build a more relatable and welcoming brand image.
Subscription and Loyalty Programs
Implementing subscription services and loyalty programs are effective ways for Shopify stores to ensure repeat business and build a steady revenue stream. Companies like Lola and Who Gives A Crap offer subscription-based models that provide convenience and exclusive benefits to their customers, encouraging long-term loyalty.
How to Succeed on Shopify
Utilize Shopify's Extensive App Ecosystem
Shopify's robust ecosystem of apps can dramatically enhance your store's functionality. From improving SEO to managing inventory more efficiently, there is likely an app that fits your business needs. Successful stores continuously explore new plugins that can automate processes, enhance customer experience, or help scale their operations.
Build a Strong Brand Identity
A distinct brand identity is crucial in the crowded e-commerce space. This involves not just a memorable logo and consistent design elements but also a strong voice and a clear message that resonates with your target audience. Top Shopify stores like Gymshark and Allbirds excel because their brand identity is compelling and cohesive across all platforms.
Adopt a Data-Driven Approach
Data is invaluable in understanding what drives your sales and what doesn't. Implementing a data-driven approach can help you make informed decisions regarding product lines, marketing strategies, and customer service improvements. Shopify provides various tools for tracking and analyzing customer behavior and sales patterns, enabling stores to tailor their strategies based on concrete insights.
Prioritize Mobile Optimization
With an increasing number of consumers shopping on mobile devices, ensuring that your Shopify store is optimized for mobile is no longer optional. This includes having a responsive design, fast loading times, and a seamless checkout process. A mobile-friendly website not only improves the user experience but also boosts SEO rankings.
Engage with Your Customers
Engagement goes beyond customer service; it involves creating meaningful interactions with your customers through social media, email newsletters, and even packaging. Engaging content and interactions can build a loyal community around your brand, encouraging repeat business and word-of-mouth marketing.
Offer Exceptional Customer Service
Customer service can make or break an e-commerce business. Offering transparent communication, easy returns, and fast shipping can significantly enhance customer satisfaction and loyalty. The best Shopify stores understand that exceptional customer service is a powerful marketing tool.
Stay Adaptable to Change
Successful Shopify store owners remain flexible and responsive to changes in market trends, technology, and consumer preferences. This adaptability allows them to pivot their strategies when necessary and take advantage of new opportunities.
Wrapping Up
The journey to developing a successful Shopify store involves more than just selling products; it requires strategic planning, a deep understanding of market trends, and a commitment to continuous improvement and customer satisfaction. The insights and strategies outlined by the top Shopify stores illustrate that success is achievable with dedication, innovation, and a customer-focused approach.
As Shopify continues to evolve as a platform, offering new tools and technologies, store owners have an excellent opportunity to expand their reach and enhance their operations. Whether you're just starting or looking to grow an existing online store, the key is to stay proactive, leverage available resources, and remain engaged with your customers.
Frequently Asked Questions
Some of the most successful Shopify stores include Gymshark, ColourPop Cosmetics, Allbirds, Jeffree Star Cosmetics, and Fashion Nova. These stores have excelled due to their innovative marketing strategies, strong brand identities, and commitment to customer satisfaction. Each store has mastered the art of connecting with its audience and leveraging the latest e-commerce trends to drive growth and success.
The most profitable products on Shopify tend to vary based on market trends, consumer demand, and niche opportunities. However, categories like beauty products, health and wellness items, fashion and apparel, and unique home goods often see high profitability due to their broad appeal and repeat purchase potential. Products that align well with current consumer behaviors and preferences tend to perform best.
Many Shopify stores are indeed profitable, but profitability can vary widely depending on several factors including niche, market demand, business model, and effective use of marketing strategies. The platform offers tools and apps that can significantly enhance a store's ability to attract and retain customers, manage operations efficiently, and scale up effectively. Success on Shopify often involves a combination of choosing the right products, optimizing the online store for user experience, and implementing strong digital marketing tactics.
Shopify's biggest customers typically include highly successful and widely recognized brands that have achieved substantial online sales. Some of the largest and most notable Shopify customers include Gymshark, a leading fitness apparel brand; Allbirds, renowned for their eco-friendly shoes; and Kylie Cosmetics by Kylie Jenner, which has seen massive success in the beauty industry. These brands leverage Shopify’s platform to manage high volumes of transactions, extensive product lines, and complex customer interaction tools effectively.
